Malta’s LNG power plant combines flexibility with low emissions
Even small countries can have big energy needs. Malta’s booming tourism industry was hungry for cheap, clean and reliable electricity, setting the stage for a new low-carbon LNG-fired combined cycle power plant ideal for islands worldwide.
Sheathed in their sleek and shiny towers, Max, Maximilian, Anna and Vilhelmina represent the future of Malta. These three industrial gas turbines and one steam turbine – named for Swedish saints at their birthplace in Finspång – are the most visible representation of a new power plant project bringing cleaner, more reliable and flexible energy to this small Mediterranean country.
Malta has been a cultural crossroads for more than 5,000 years, but its popularity as a tourist attraction has exploded recently, driving the demand for more – and cleaner – energy. For decades, the country’s electricity had been provided by turbines on a plant site called Delimara, across the bay from picturesque Marsaxlokk in southeastern Malta. The outdated turbines were powered by heavy fuel oil – unclean, unsustainable, unreliable, and expensive.
The system was unclean and unsustainable because “heavy fuel oil is one of the most polluting energy fuels around,” explains Franz Dörfler, CEO of ElectroGas Malta Ltd (EGM), developer of the new power project. The plant was unreliable because of Malta’s growing economy. The stage was set for a new approach.
FOR MALTA, THE ANSWER IS LNG
In March 2013, the winning candidates in a national election pledged to improve environmental conditions and reduce electricity prices. They created the EGM consortium to reach these goals. EGM identified natural gas as the best solution for the country’s energy needs. Natural gas has dramatically lower emissions than heavy fuel oil and significantly lower CO2 emissions per unit of energy produced, compared to other fossil fuels. Plus, it generates less noise and less smell, and delivers greater efficiency.
The project developers opted for liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the fuel source and a double-hulled purpose-built tanker as a floating storage unit (FSU), to be moored in the water adjoining Delimara.
With these guidelines, Siemens Energy developed the unique configuration of the new Delimara 4 power plant based on three key components:
- The FSU tanker docked just offshore where the LNG is stored at -162 degrees Celsius. It is transferred by pipe to
- an onshore regasification plant where the LNG is reconverted to natural gas. The regasification compound operating capacity is sufficient to handle both the new Delimara 4 facility and eight turbines from the existing Delimara 3 plant on the same site. The latter used to run on heavy fuel oil but all have been converted to gas, as well.
- Finally, the combined cycle power plant (CCPP) consisting of three Siemens Energy SGT-800 gas turbines, three boilers, and one Siemens Energy SST-900 steam turbine, equipped with the SPPA-T3000 control system, has a totaling capacity of 215 megawatts.
“Distributed generation ensures a reliable power supply. The SGT-800 is the best in its category in this power range, and being equipped with the modern dry low emission technology it meets emissions standards for a wide range of operation modes,” notes Franz Haslinger, Siemens Energy's General Project Manager for the Malta project.
In addition to providing a customized technology solution, Siemens Energy – through its Financial Services division – helped structure the overall financing concept and, ultimately, became one of three investors in the project. The capital support from Siemens Energy underscores its confidence in the project’s long-term success and positions the company as a key partner.
EFFICIENT PLANT SETUP
The great advantage of a CCPP is its flexibility. The gas turbines can run alone without the boilers or steam turbine in a so-called open cycle. In combined cycle mode the gas turbines, boilers, and steam turbine run simultaneously. In this case, the steam generated by one or more of the gas turbines and boilers is used to drive the steam turbine, so the latter runs without an additional source of fuel. “The three-to-one ratio of gas to steam turbines increases the efficiency of the plant significantly,” Dörfler points out. While a combined cycle plant is nothing new in Europe, it is new for Malta.
The novelty of a combined cycle plant was not the only challenge. Lay-down room on the building site was also an issue, since construction was restricted to the existing Delimara plant boundaries. Markus Bratok, Siemens Energy Site Manager at Delimara, recalls that sometimes only half the desired number of square meters was available. “Our space was very narrow. To cope, we practiced just-in-time inventory because we had no room for storage.”
Time pressures were another challenge. Siemens Energy Commissioning Manager Alexander Krewenka recalls: “EGM wanted the gas turbines to enter commercial operation as soon as possible to produce electricity for the hot high season here in summer.”
THE OUTCOME: REDUCED EMISSIONS, REDUCED COSTS
In March 2016, IJ Global Awards honored the Delimara plant as the best European Power Plant Project of the Year. On August 10, 2017, it was handed over to EGM and virtually all – 99 percent – of testing had been completed to “very satisfactory results,” reports Dörfler.
One happy result: The efficiency of the gas turbines was higher than expected.
Another measure of success: Particulate matter in the air was reduced by 90 percent with the gas turbines. Overall, the plant is 50 percent below EU emission standards. Reduced electricity costs of 20 percent have already been passed on to domestic and commercial/industrial sectors in Malta.
These results have been noticed abroad, and Malta’s CCPP has received many visitors to the project from other islands in Europe and worldwide – from Corsica to New Caledonia. You might call them pilgrims to the shrine of Max, Maximilian, Anna and Vilhelmina.
July 12, 2018
Claudia Flisi is a journalist based in Milan.
Picture credits: Darrin Zammit Lupi
